Web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows every individual, organization, or company to create their website by placing information on the internet in the form of FTP, EMAIL, HTTP, or DNS that can be accessed through the World Wide Website.

In an analogy, the website is like a building, and hosting is like a piece of land. While the domain is like an address for a piece of land and buildings. Hosting generally consists of one server or a combination of servers and is connected to an internet network that has high speed.

History

Until 1991, the Internet was restricted to research use and science and engineering education. In addition, in the past, the internet could only be used for email, USENET, telnet, and FTP traffic but only a small number of web pages. The World Wide Website Protocol at that time had just been written.

Until the end of 1993, there was a graphical web browser for Mac or Windows computers. Even after several openings of internet access, the situation became confusing until 1995. To host websites on the internet, individuals, organizations, and companies will need their own servers.

Because not all individuals, organizations, or companies have the budget or expertise to do this, web hosting services are here and start offering to host users’ websites on servers owned by web hosting providers. This way it will be easier for clients without having to have the necessary infrastructure to operate the website.

The website owner also called the webmaster will be able to create a website that will be hosted on the server of the web hosting service and published to the web by the web hosting service. As the number of users on the World Wide Web increases, this puts pressure on Web hosting companies. In 1995, companies such as GeoCities, Tripod, and Angelfire offered free (free) hosting.

Classification

For classification, there are two classifications. Here’s a little explanation:

1. Smaller hosting service (Smaller Hosting)

The most basic of webpages and small-scale file hosting where files can be uploaded via FTP (File Transfer Protocol) or a Web interface. Files are usually submitted to the Website “as is” or with minimal processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free of charge to their customers.

All individuals, organizations as well as companies can also get a web page hosting from alternative service providers. Free web hosting services are offered with limited service, sometimes supported or included with ads, and often limited facilities when compared to paid hosting.

One-page hosting is generally sufficient for a personal web page. Web hosting sites that are only used for personal use are usually free, sponsored by ads, or you can choose paid but not expensive ones. While business website hosting often costs more depending on the size and type of the site.

2. Bigger hosting service

Many large companies that are not Internet service providers need to be permanently connected to websites to send emails, files, and so on. Companies use a web hosting site to provide details of their goods and services as well as to explain the facilities they provide clients to get online.

A complex site requires a more comprehensive package so as to provide database support and an application development platform (e.g. ColdFusion, Java EE, ASP.NET, Perl/Plack, Ruby on Rails, or PHP).

This facility allows customers to write or install scripts in applications such as forums and content management. There is also SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) which is usually used for websites that want the data sent to be more secure.

Hosting Type

A typical server type is like the “rack” commonly seen in colocation centers. Therefore, there are several types of hosting services, namely:

1. Shared web hosting services

By choosing this service, someone’s website will be placed on the same server as many other sites, ranging from a few sites to hundreds of other websites.

Typically, all domains can share a common set of server resources, such as RAM and CPU. The features available with this type of service can be very basic and inflexible in terms of software (software) or in terms of updates.

2. Hosting web reseller (Reseller web hosting)

By choosing this service it allows the client to become a web host himself. Resellers can function for individual domains, under any combination of registered hosting types, and depending on who the Reseller is affiliated with.

Reseller accounts can vary widely in size, it is also possible to have their own dedicated virtual server to colocated servers. Many resellers provide almost the same service to their provider’s hosting plans and provide their own technical support.

3. Virtual Dedicated Server

This service is also known as VPS (Virtual Private Server). This service will divide server resources into virtual servers, where resources can be allocated to a path that does not directly reflect the underlying hardware.

A VPS will often allocate resources from one server to many of its networked VPS, but virtualization can be done for a number of reasons, including the ability to move VPS containers between servers.

The users are allowed to have their own root access to the virtual space. Customers sometimes have to be responsible for patching and maintaining the server (for servers that are not managed) or the VPS provider may provide server admin staff for the customer.

[elementor-template id=”4092″]

4. Dedicated hosting services (Dedicated Hosting)

The users will get their own Web server and get full control like the user has root access for Linux / administrator access for Windows). However, the user usually does not own a server.

One type of dedicated hosting is self-managed or unmanaged. This is usually the least expensive for custom plans. The user has full administrative access to the server, which means that he is responsible for the security and maintenance of his own server.

5. Managed hosting services

Users can get their own Web server but are not allowed to fully control it (cannot root access for Linux / administrator access for Windows); however, they are allowed to manage their data via FTP or other remote management tools.

Users are prohibited from having full control so that providers can guarantee the quality of service and do not allow users to modify the server or do things that have the potential to create configuration problems. Users usually do not own a server but the server is leased.

6. Colocation web hosting service

Almost similar to a dedicated web hosting service, but users with this service have a colo server. This is the most powerful and expensive type of web hosting service. In most cases, colocation providers may provide little or no direct support for their client machines, providing only power, Internet access, and storage facilities for the servers.

In most cases for colo, the client will ask its administrator to visit the data center on-site, to perform hardware upgrades or changes. Previously, many colocation providers would accept system configurations for hosting, even those housed in desktop-style minitower cases, but most hosts now require rack mount enclosures and standard system configurations.

7. Hosting cloud

This is a new type of service from the hosting platform that allows its customers to be more powerful and scalable and based on load-balanced server clusters and utility billing so that hosting is reliable. Websites with cloud hosting services allow them to be more reliable than other service alternatives because the cloud can compensate when one piece of hardware dies.

Also, local power outages or even natural disasters are less of a problem for sites residing in cloud hosting services, as cloud hosting is decentralized. Cloud hosting also allows the provider to charge for the resources consumed by the user.

8. Clustered hosting

This service has multiple hosting servers which have the same content for better utilization of resources. Clustered servers are the perfect solution for high-availability hosting. In addition, it can create a scalable web hosting solution.

A cluster can separate web services from database hosting capabilities. Web hosting that uses Clustered hosting is usually for shared hosting packages because there are several facilities to manage clients in bulk.

9. Network hosting (Grid hosting)

This service is in the form of distributed hosting ie Clustered servers act as a grid and consist of several nodes.

10. Home server

Usually, one machine is placed in a private place such as a home so that it can be used by one or more hosts for the website. Some ISPs actively try to block home servers by denying incoming requests to TCP port 80 from user connections and by refusing to provide static IP addresses.

A common way to get reliable DNS hostnames is to create an account with a dynamic DNS service. The dynamic DNS service will automatically change the IP address indicated by the URL when the IP address changes.

Data Center Server Colocation Criteria

A data center has standards that must be met in order to be eligible to provide services and can be referred to as a data center, ranging from ISO standards to standards from Tier Uptime Institute certification. The following are the criteria that a data center must have:

1. High-Security Level 24 hours and includes the use of CCTV and biometric cameras
2. Fire prevention according to standard
3. Electric backup power
4. Personal IT 24 jam
5. A location free of disasters such as landslides, floods, and riots
6. Room temperature control system
7. Neutral network connection of several telecommunications operators so that it can be more flexible in choosing internet networks so that they are not required to move servers.
8. The monitoring system is always updated and adequate

Security

Since the web hosting service will host the customer’s website, online security is an important issue. The level of security offered by a web hosting service is very important for potential customers and can be a major consideration when choosing which service provider to choose.
Hosting servers can be attacked by malicious users, including by uploading malware or malicious code to websites. These malicious attacks can be carried out for a variety of reasons, including stealing credit card data. It is therefore important security systems launch DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service Attacks).